Input & Output

Input and output are basic building blocks of every interactive program. Python provides the input() function to accept data from the user and the print() function to display information on the screen.

What are Input and Output?

Input means receiving data from a user or another source.

Output means displaying or returning information produced by a program.

Displaying Output using print()

The print() function is used to display text, numbers, variables, and calculated results.

print("Hello, Python!")
print("Welcome to CIIT Training Institute 👨‍🏫")
print(100)

Output

Hello, Python!
Welcome to CIIT Training Institute 👨‍🏫
100

Printing Variables

Variables can be passed directly to print().

name = "Sam"
age = 21

print(name)
print(age)

Printing Multiple Values

Multiple values can be passed to print(), separated by commas.

name = "Sam"
course = "Python"

print("Name:", name, "Course:", course)

Output

Name: Samadhan Course: Python

Using sep with print()

The sep parameter specifies what should be placed between multiple values.

print("CIIT", "Training", "Institute", sep=" - ")

Output

CIIT - Training - Institute

Using end with print()

By default, print() moves to a new line after displaying output. The end parameter can change this behavior.

print("Hello", end=" ")
print("Samadhan")

Output

Hello Samadhan

Taking Input using input()

The input() function pauses the program and waits for the user to enter some information.

name = input("Enter your name: ")

print("Hello", name)

Example

Enter your name: Samadhan
Hello Samadhan

input() Returns a String

An important point to remember is that input() returns the entered value as a string.

age = input("Enter your age: ")

print(age)
print(type(age))

Example Input

Enter your age: 25

Output

25
<class 'str'>

Taking Integer Input

If the user enters a number that needs to be used in calculations, convert it using int().

age = int(input("Enter your age: "))

print("Age:", age)
print("Next year:", age + 1)

Example

Enter your age: 25

Age: 25
Next year: 26

Taking Float Input

Use float() when the input contains decimal values.

percentage = float(
    input("Enter your percentage: ")
)

print("Percentage:", percentage)

Output:

Enter your percentage: 85.5
Percentage: 85.5

Accepting Multiple Inputs

A program can accept multiple values from the user using separate input() statements.

name = input("Enter your name: ")
city = input("Enter your city: ")

print("Name:", name)
print("City:", city)

Output:

Enter your name: Pradnya
Enter your city: Pune
Name: Pradnya
City: Pune

Simple Calculator Example

Let's combine input, type conversion, variables, operators, and output to create a simple calculator.

number1 = float(input("Enter first number: "))
number2 = float(input("Enter second number: "))

addition = number1 + number2

print("Addition:", addition)

Example

Enter first number: 10
Enter second number: 20

Addition: 30.0

Using f-Strings for Output

f-strings provide a clean and readable way to combine variables with text.

name = "Samadhan"
course = "Python"

print(f"My name is {name}")
print(f"I am learning {course}")

Output:

My name is Samadhan
I am learning Python

Escape Characters

Escape characters allow special formatting inside strings.

print("CIIT Training Institute\nPython Course")

Output

CIIT Training Institute
Python Course

Student Example 🧑‍🎓

Let's create a small program that accepts student information for a Python course at CIIT Training Institute.

name = input("Enter student name: ")
age = int(input("Enter student age: "))
course = input("Enter course name: ")

print("\n--- Student Details ---")
print(f"Name: {name}")
print(f"Age: {age}")
print(f"Course: {course}")
print("Institute: CIIT Training Institute")

Example

Enter student name: Samadhan
Enter student age: 25
Enter course name: Python

--- Student Details ---
Name: Samadhan
Age: 25
Course: Python
Institute: CIIT Training Institute

name = input("Enter student name: ")

math = float(input("Enter Math marks: "))
python = float(input("Enter Python marks: "))
sql = float(input("Enter SQL marks: "))

total = math + python + sql
percentage = total / 3

print("\nStudent:", name)
print("Total:", total)
print("Percentage:", percentage)

Enter student name: Samadhan
Enter Math marks: 80
Enter Python marks: 90
Enter SQL marks: 85

Student: Samadhan
Total: 255.0
Percentage: 85.0